SuddenFly

0800 Promote

2006-11-23T11:50:00.000-08:00

0800 Promote are a London based company, established in 1989, primarily to supply quality business gifts. 0800promote provide an all-round facility to promote all aspects of corporate promotional activity and promotional products, including promotional printing,http://0800promote.com/printed-clothes.php and http://0800promote.com/printed-pen.php to name a few. We are a small building business who needed items printing on for a buyers show we were attending and we were extremely happy with 0800 Promotes services.

Nagasaki

2005-04-04T07:37:00.000-07:00

Capital and largest city, Nagasaki ken (prefecture), western Kyushu, Japan, at the mouth of the Urakami-gawa (Urakami River) where it empties into Nagasaki-ko (Nagasaki Harbour). The harbour is composed of a narrow, deep-cut bay, formed at the meeting point of Nomo-saki (Cape Nomo; south) and Nishisonoki-hanto (Nishisonoki Peninsula; northwest). The city is shaped like an amphitheatre,

Safid Mountain Range

2005-04-03T15:36:00.000-07:00

Also called Morga Range, Pashto Selseleh-ye Safid Kuh, or Selseleh-ye Spin Ghar, mountain range forming a natural frontier between Pakistan and Afghanistan, extending westward for 100 miles (160 km) from the Vale of Peshawar (Pakistan) to the Lowrah Valley (Afghanistan). The boundary between the two countries runs along the summit of the range, which reaches a height of 15,600 feet (4,760 m) in the west at the point where the boundary turns southward. The range forms an almost

Sabzevari, 'abd Al-a'la Al-musawi Al-

2005-03-31T19:12:00.000-08:00

After finishing his basic education in Iran, Sabzevari moved to Al-Najaf to pursue advanced studies in philosophy and religious law, studying under the prominent mujtahid Muhammad

Hancock

2005-03-29T21:37:00.000-08:00

City, Houghton county, northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S., across Portage Lake from Houghton. Laid out in 1859, it was named for John Hancock, the American Revolutionary War leader. With the discovery of nearby copper mines in the mid-19th century, Hancock became a busy shipping point. In addition to mining, local industries include the manufacture of foundry products

ávila Camacho, Manuel

2005-03-27T00:35:00.000-08:00

Ávila Camacho joined the army of Venustiano Carranza in 1914 and rose rapidly through the ranks. A skilled organizer and administrator,

Heterochlorid

2005-03-26T19:19:00.000-08:00

Any protozoan of the plantlike flagellate order Heterochlorida. Heterochlorids have two flagella of unequal length and chromatophores whose pigments vary from yellow to yellow-green. Food reserves are stored as leucosin (probably a carbohydrate) and lipids. Some genera may be amoeboid during part of the life cycle; others may include a palmella stage, a condition

Wilbur, Richard (purdy)

2005-03-24T07:32:00.000-08:00

Wilbur was educated at Amherst College, Amherst, Mass., and Harvard University, where he studied literature. He fought in Europe during World War II and earned a master's degree from Harvard in 1947. With The Beautiful Changes and Other Poems (1947) and Ceremony and Other Poems (1950), he established himself

Levine, Jack

2005-03-22T02:27:00.000-08:00

Trained first at the Jewish Welfare Center in Roxbury, Massachusetts, and later at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Levine also studied at Harvard University from 1929 to 1931. From 1935 to 1940 he was intermittently part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Great Bahama Bank

2005-03-20T20:47:00.000-08:00

Large shoal off The Bahamas, separated from Little Bahama Bank (north) by Northwest Providence Channel. Its shallow waters extend southeast from Miami, across the Straits of Florida, in a broad curve about 330 miles (530 km) long, between Cuba and Andros Island. The edge of the bank drops off precipitously into great depths. The marine life is abundant and varied, making it a prized

Biogeographic Region, New Zealand region

2005-03-18T05:33:00.000-08:00

The New Zealand region (Figure 2) includes all of New Zealand, excluding aspects of the fauna of the southwest, which shows an Antarctic element. Flightless birds inhabit both New Zealand and Australia, although the order Dinornithiformes (kiwis and moas) is endemic to New Zealand. Other endemic taxa include the snail family Athoracophoridae; New Zealand's only mammals,

Leonardo Pisano

2005-03-17T18:58:00.000-08:00

English Leonardo of Pisa , original name Leonardo Fibonacci medieval Italian mathematician who wrote Liber abaci (1202; “Book of the Abacus”), the first European work on Indian and Arabian mathematics.

Aqa Mirak

2005-03-17T13:45:00.000-08:00

A descendant of the Prophet Muhammad and a native of Esfahan, he worked mostly in Tabriz, the capital of the Safavid empire. He knew the Persian painter Behzad, who was director of the royal library and its manager of manuscript illustration. Aqa Mirak, as one of the senior

Henríquez Ureña, Pedro

2005-03-16T21:05:00.000-08:00

Henríquez Ureña's father, a doctor, became president of the Dominican Republic, and his mother was a poet and teacher. After finishing

Babits, Mihály

2005-03-15T13:40:00.000-08:00

Babits studied Hungarian and classical literature at the University of Budapest and was a teacher in provincial secondary schools until forced

Mexico, Gulf Of, Physiography and geology

2005-03-14T22:00:00.000-08:00

The Gulf of Mexico consists of several ecological and geologic provinces, chief of which are the coastal zone, the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the abyssal plain. The coastal zone consists of tidal marshes, sandy beaches, mangrove-covered areas, and many bays, estuaries, and lagoons. The continental shelf forms an almost continuous terrace around

Amazonstone

2005-03-12T18:53:00.000-08:00

Also called Amazonite, a gemstone variety of green microcline (q.v.), a feldspar mineral. Frequently confused with jade, amazonstone varies in colour from yellow-green to blue-green and may also exhibit fine white streaks; it is usually opaque and therefore is cut en cabochon (with a rounded and convex polished surface). Although its name is derived from the Amazon River, no deposits have been

Taft, Robert A.

2005-03-12T05:12:00.000-08:00

The son of William Howard Taft, 27th president of the

Insurance, Business property insurance

2005-03-10T22:55:00.000-08:00

Insurance for business property follows a pattern that is similar in many ways to the one for individual property. A commonly used form is the “building and personal property coverage form” (BPP). This form permits a business owner to cover in one policy the buildings, fixtures, machinery and equipment, and personal property used in business and the personal property

Harvard-smithsonian Center For Astrophysics

2005-03-10T22:20:00.000-08:00

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory was established in 1890 in Washington, D.C., by Samuel Pierpont Langley, the third secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, for the specific study of the Sun's radiation. Langley's successor as observatory director in 1906, Charles Greeley Abbot, limited the facility's attention to the study of the amount and character of, and variations

Alla Rakha Khan

2005-03-08T14:52:00.000-08:00

Indian musician (b. April 29, 1919, Phagwal, Jammu province, India—d. Feb. 3, 2000, Mumbai [Bombay], India), was a maestro of the tabla, small drums used in classical Indian music, and was the first tabla player to give solo concerts. Alla Rakha, who was awarded the honorific ustad (“master”), supplemented his virtuoso classical performances with occasional work in jazz, on the radio, and as music director

Avon

2005-03-08T04:14:00.000-08:00

Region and former administrative county, southwestern England, bordering the Severn estuary and the Bristol Channel. The region comprises parts of the historic counties of Gloucestershire and Somerset to the north and south, respectively. It is divided administratively into the following unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, the city of Bristol

Kahn, Otto Hermann

2005-03-06T01:18:00.000-08:00

In 1888 Kahn was sent to the London branch of Berlin's Deutsche Bank and became a British citizen. The banking house of Speyer & Co. offered him a position in New York City in 1893. In 1897 he became a partner in Kuhn, Loeb & Co. and stayed with the

Cytokinin

2005-03-05T17:45:00.000-08:00

Any of a number of plant growth substances that are usually derived from adenine. Synthesized in roots, cytokinins move upward in the xylem (woody tissue) and pass into the leaves and fruits, where they are required for normal growth, for cell differentiation, and, in conjunction with auxin (another plant hormone), to promote cell division.

Aniconism

2005-03-05T07:16:00.000-08:00

The biblical Second Commandment (part of the First Commandment to Roman Catholics and Lutherans), “You shall not make yourself a graven image, or any likeness

Hohenwart, Karl Siegmund, Graf Von

2005-03-04T17:50:00.000-08:00

After service in the provincial administrations of Carniola (now in Slovenia) and Trentino, Italy, Hohenwart was appointed Statthalter (governor) of Upper Austria (1868). A Roman Catholic partisan in politics and an opponent of governmental centralization, he was appointed

Annelid, Reproduction

2005-03-03T17:19:00.000-08:00

In the polychaetes, sexes are usually separate but cannot be distinguished in the immature state until gametes (eggs and sperm) appear. Gametes are derived from the mesodermal linings around the digestive tract. The developing gametes are shed into the coelom, where they are nourished by nurse cells (eleocytes). The gametes, especially eggs, are nourished by the breakdown

Seward

2005-03-01T21:47:00.000-08:00

City, southern Alaska, U.S., on Kenai Peninsula, at the head of Resurrection Bay. Founded in 1903 as a supply base and ocean terminus for a railway to the Yukon Valley (since 1913, the Alaska Railroad), it was named for William H. Seward, the secretary of state who negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia. Its ice-free port provides an important freight dock for interior Alaska. Tourism

Fencing

2005-02-28T09:51:00.000-08:00

Organized sport involving the use of the sword—épée, foil, or sabre—for attack and defense according to set movements and rules. Although the use of swords dates to prehistoric times and swordplay to ancient civilizations, the organized sport of fencing began only at the end of the 19th century. For information on the art of Japanese sword fighting, see kendo.

Insurance, Liability law

2005-02-28T04:13:00.000-08:00

Legal liability exists when an individual commits a legal injury that wrongly encroaches on another person's rights. Such injuries include slander, assault, and negligent

Mindbody Dualism

2005-02-26T15:09:00.000-08:00

The modern problem of the relationship of mind to body stems

Bohemond V

2005-02-25T06:21:00.000-08:00

The son of Bohemond IV by his wife Plaisance, he succeeded his father in 1233 and carried on the struggle with Armenia until 1251, when the marriage of the future Bohemond VI to the sister of the Armenian king finally brought peace. By his first marriage (1225) with Alice, the widow of Hugh I of Cyprus, Bohemond V connected the history

Gullstrand, Allvar

2005-02-23T14:32:00.000-08:00

Gullstrand studied in Uppsala, Vienna, and Stockholm, earning a doctorate in 1890. He became professor of diseases of the eye at Uppsala in 1894 and in 1913 was appointed professor of physiological

Furniture, Wood

2005-02-21T18:55:00.000-08:00

A relatively cheap material, wood lends itself to various kinds of treatment; for example, it can be stained, painted, gilded, and glued.

L'engle, Madeleine

2005-02-18T07:13:00.000-08:00

L'Engle attended boarding schools in Europe and the United States and graduated with honours from Smith College (B.A., 1941). She pursued a career in the theatre before

Udasi

2005-02-16T09:40:00.000-08:00

Sect within Sikhism, a religion of India. The Udasi (from the Sanskrit udas, “to renounce”) sect, which requires celibacy and asceticism of its members, originated with the followers of Siri Chand, the son of the first Sikh guru (religious teacher and leader of the Sikh community), Nanak. Under the leadership of Baba Gurditta, the eldest son of the sixth guru, Hargobind, they served as missionaries,

Cancan

2005-02-15T13:58:00.000-08:00

Lively and risqué dance of French or Algerian origin, usually performed by four women. Known for its high kicks in unison that exposed both the petticoat and the leg, the cancan was popular in Parisian dance halls in the 1830s and appeared in variety shows and revues in the 1840s. The cancan is in a lively 2/4 time and was at first danced to quadrille or galop music. Specific cancans

Qiryat Shemona

2005-02-13T22:20:00.000-08:00

Town, at the northwest of the 'Emeq Hula (Hula Valley), extreme northern Israel. The name Qiryat Shemona (“Town of the Eight”) commemorates the eight martyrs of nearby Tel Hay (q.v.). The town, the only urban settlement of the valley, was founded in 1950 as an immigrants' transit camp (ma'abara) on the site of the former Arab village of Khalasah. Metulla, the northernmost settlement of Israel

Quintana Roo

2005-02-10T02:31:00.000-08:00

State, Yucatán Peninsula, southeastern Mexico. Situated on the eastern side of the peninsula, it is bounded by the Caribbean Sea (east), by Belize (south), and by Campeche and Yucatán (west); its northern shore is on the Yucatán Channel between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Quintana Roo, with an area of 19,397 square miles (50,212 square km), is a hot, humid, and heavily forested limestone

Ruyter, Michiel Adriaanszoon De

2005-02-08T03:42:00.000-08:00

Employed at sea at the age of nine, de Ruyter by 1635 had become a merchant captain. After serving as

Blois

2005-02-06T15:37:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Loir-et-Cher département, Centre region, central France, on the Loire River, northeast of Tours. First mentioned in the 6th century by Gregory of Tours, it was by the early Middle Ages seat of the powerful counts of Blois, from whom descended the Capetian kings of France. At the end of the 14th century, Blois was acquired by Louis de France, duc d'Orléans. Joan of

Amorphous Solid, Vapour condensation techniques

2005-02-04T17:29:00.000-08:00

In the gold-silicon system of Figure 5, at compositions far from the cusp, glasses cannot be formed by melt quenching—even by the rapid splat-quench technique of

Thompson, Jim

2005-02-02T23:01:00.000-08:00

The son of a wealthy textile manufacturer, Thompson graduated from Princeton University

Utica

2005-02-01T11:27:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1798) of Oneida county, central New York, U.S., on the Mohawk River and New York State Canal System, 45 miles (72 km) east of Syracuse. The first settlers were Dutch and Palatinate Germans, and in 1758 the British built Old Fort Schuyler, near the site of an ancient Oneida Indian council stone. Destroyed by the Indian-Tory raid in 1776, the early village was rebuilt and connected by stagecoach

Saarinen, Eero

2005-01-29T19:29:00.000-08:00

As a person, Saarinen was outwardly a stocky, calm man of informal manner and puckish humour, but underneath he was intensely serious about architecture and seemed compulsively competitive with his own most recent designs. His wish that a building make an expressive statement established new horizons for modern architecture. He was exploratory in his thinking

Bonaire

2005-01-27T02:20:00.000-08:00

Second largest island of the Netherlands Antilles, the westernmost group of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It is 111 square miles (288 square km) in area and lies 50 miles (80 km) north of the Venezuelan coast and 20 miles east of Curaçao. The northern part is hilly, with a peak, Mount Brandaris, 787 feet (240 m) high, while the southern part is flat with desert-like vegetation. The adjacent

Morant, Sir Robert Laurie

2005-01-25T22:45:00.000-08:00

Morant was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, and went in November 1886 to Siam (now Thailand) as tutor to the royal family and prepared for King Chulalongkorn an educational plan for the whole country. He returned

Metaphysical Poet

2005-01-24T09:55:00.000-08:00

Their work is a blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity,

Applied Psychology

2005-01-22T01:34:00.000-08:00

The same intellectual

Baltic Religion, Religious personages

2005-01-20T01:55:00.000-08:00

There is no reliable information that the Balts had a priestly class, let alone religious hierarchy. The 11th-century German historian Adam of Bremen, in describing conflicts between Christian missionaries and Latvians, said that “every house is filled with seers, augurers, and necromancers,” which indicates that the Balts had sacral persons, probably the patriarchs

Haas, Walter A.

2005-01-17T23:41:00.000-08:00

Haas's association with Levi Strauss & Co. began in 1914 with his marriage

Asthma

2005-01-15T21:06:00.000-08:00

A chronic disorder of the lungs in which inflamed airways are prone to constrict, causing episodes of breathlessness, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness that range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Inflamed airways become hypersensitive to a variety of stimuli, including dust mites, animal dander, pollen, air pollution, cigarette smoke, medications,

Sucking

2005-01-14T09:52:00.000-08:00

Drawing of fluids into the mouth by creating a vacuum pressure in the oral cavity. Mammalian infants rely on this method of food ingestion until they are capable of eating more solid substances. A partial vacuum is created in the oral cavity by retracting the tongue to the back of the mouth. The rear portion of the tongue seals against the roof of the mouth, allowing

Nordic Council Of Ministers

2005-01-11T14:13:00.000-08:00

Organization of the Nordic states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden for the purpose of consultation and cooperation on matters of common interest. The Council was established in February 1971 under an amendment to the Helsinki Convention (1962) between the Nordic countries. It consists of the ministers of state of the member countries, as well as other ministers

Bara

2005-01-09T02:51:00.000-08:00

Traditionally a bellicose people, the Bara lived in a great many independent groups based on lineage identity. Five main kinship groups exist, and formerly the Bara had two kingdoms, one of which survived until it was disbanded by the French. The Bara

Agrarian League

2005-01-05T20:23:00.000-08:00

German Bund Der Landwirte extraparliamentary organization active under the German empire from 1893. Formed to combat the free-trade policies (initiated in 1892) of Chancellor Leo, Graf (count) von Caprivi, the league worked for farmers' subsidies, import tariffs, and minimum prices. Caprivi's successor promised to increase wheat tariffs, but by 1900 the Agrarian League had increased to 250,000 members—50,000 more than

Switzerland, Folk arts

2005-01-04T18:14:00.000-08:00

Folk art in Switzerland is expressed in music, poetry (usually song), dance, wood carving, and embroidery. In the cattle-breeding northern areas, there are many primitive forms of song and music, involving, for instance, yodeling, a way of singing marked by rapid switching of the voice to falsetto. There are also trumpetlike instruments made of wood and bark, the perfect

Mammal, Reproduction

2005-01-01T08:14:00.000-08:00

In reproductively mature female mammals an interaction of hormones from the pituitary gland and the ovaries produces a phenomenon known as the estrous cycle. Estrus, or “heat,” typically coincides with ovulation, and during this time the female is receptive to the male. Estrus is preceded by proestrus, during which ovarian follicles mature under the influence of

Boucher, Jonathan

2004-12-30T16:38:00.000-08:00

In 1759 Boucher went to Virginia as a private tutor. After a visit to London in 1762 for his ordination, he became rector of Annapolis, Md., and tutored George Washington's stepson, thus becoming a family friend. His royalist views cost him his position: by 1775 he was keeping pistols

Châteauguay, Battle Of

2004-12-29T09:08:00.000-08:00

In the autumn of 1813, a U.S. invading force of about 4,000 troops under General Wade Hampton marched toward Montreal through the Châteauguay River valley. A U.S. advance party of 1,500 under Colonel

China, The Southeast Mountains

2004-12-27T00:58:00.000-08:00

Southeastern China is bordered by a rocky shoreline backed by picturesque mountains. In general, there is a distinct structural and topographic trend from northeast to southwest. The higher peaks may reach altitudes of 5,000 to 6,500 feet. The rivers are short and fast-flowing and have cut steep-sided valleys. The chief areas of settlement are on narrow strips of coastal plain

Alaska, The people

2004-12-24T16:50:00.000-08:00

Long before Bering's voyages the Tlingit Indians lived in the southern and southeastern coastal area; the Aleuts on the

Tradescant, John

2004-12-22T23:58:00.000-08:00

Tradescant added to his father's collection of natural history objects, ultimately forming a significant collection acquired principally from Algiers and Virginia. After the younger

Togo, German occupation

2004-12-19T20:25:00.000-08:00

German missionaries arrived in Ewe territory in 1847, and German traders were soon established at Anécho. In 1884 Gustav Nachtigal, sent by the German government, induced a number of coastal chiefs to accept German protection. The protectorate was recognized in 1885, and its coastal frontiers with Dahomey and the Gold Coast were defined by treaties with France and Great Britain.

Niue

2004-12-17T02:39:00.000-08:00

Internally self-governing island state in free association with New Zealand. It is the westernmost of the Cook Islands but is administratively separate from them. Niue lies 1,340 miles (2,156 km) northeast of Auckland and 240 miles (385 km) east of Vava'u, Tonga, in the south-central Pacific. The capital is Alofi. Area 100 square miles (260 square km). Pop. (1994 est.) 2,200.

Dinosaur, The asteroid theory

2004-12-14T21:02:00.000-08:00

The discovery of an abnormally high concentration of the rare metal iridium at, or very close to, the K–T boundary provides what has been recognized as one of those rare instantaneous geologic time markers that seem to be worldwide. This iridium anomaly, or spike, was first found by Walter Alvarez in the Cretaceous–Tertiary stratigraphic sequence at Gubbio, Italy,

Yab-yum

2004-12-13T17:16:00.000-08:00

(Tibetan: “father-mother”), in Buddhist art of India, Nepal, and Tibet, the representation of the male deity in sexual embrace with his female consort. The pose is generally understood to represent the mystical union of the active force, or method (upaya, conceived of as masculine), with wisdom (prajna, conceived of as feminine)—a fusion necessary to overcome the false duality

Disciples Of Christ

2004-12-11T19:35:00.000-08:00

The Churches of Christ emphasize rigorous adherence to the New Testament as the model for Christian faith, practice, and fellowship. They

Strategic Weapons System

2004-12-09T15:42:00.000-08:00

Any weapons system designed to strike an enemy at the source of his military, economic, or political power. In practice, this means destroying a nation's cities, factories, military bases, transportation and communications infrastructure, and seat of government. Strategic weapons systems use atomic or thermonuclear devices, because only these weapons have sufficient

Oviedo

2004-12-06T08:49:00.000-08:00

Ancient (Latin) Ovetum city, Asturias provincia and comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), northern Spain. Oviedo lies on a hill surrounded by mountains and a fertile plain and is situated 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Gijón. Founded as a monastery by Fruela I in 757, it became the capital of the kingdom of Asturias in 810. It was one of the few Spanish towns never conquered by the Moors during the Middle

Hydroponics

2004-12-05T13:40:00.000-08:00

Plants have long been grown with their roots immersed in solutions of water and fertilizer for scientific studies of their nutrition. Early commercial hydroponics (from Greek hydro, “water,” and ponos, “labour”) adopted this method of

Tarn

2004-12-03T07:28:00.000-08:00

A small mountain lake, especially one set in a glaciated steep-walled amphitheatre known as a cirque (q.v.).

Buon Me Thuot

2004-11-30T06:57:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Ban Me Thuot, formerly Lac Giao, largest city in the central highlands, west-central Vietnam. At an elevation of 1,759 feet (536 m), it lies at the southern end of the Dac Lac Plateau, 55 miles (89 km) north-northwest of Da Lat. It has teacher-training and vocational schools, hospitals, and a commercial airport. There are coffee, tea, and rubber plantations in the surrounding area. Rice is grown in the Krong River valley to the

Vecchio, Palazzo

2004-11-28T10:19:00.000-08:00

The Tuscan Gothic design of the Palazzo Vecchio has been

Insurance, Limitations on amount recoverable

2004-11-26T11:17:00.000-08:00

Recovery under homeowner's forms is limited to loss due directly to the occurrence of an insured peril. Losses caused by some intervening source not insured by the policy are not covered. For example, if a flood or a landslide, which usually are excluded perils, severely damages a house that subsequently is destroyed by fire, the homeowner's recovery from the fire is

European Plain

2004-11-24T10:05:00.000-08:00

One of the greatest uninterrupted expanses of plain on the Earth's surface. It sweeps from the Pyrenees Mountains on the French-Spanish border across northern Europe to the Ural Mountains in Russia. In western Europe the plain is comparatively narrow, rarely exceeding 200 miles (320 kilometres) in width, but as it stretches eastward it broadens steadily until it reaches

Carnivore, Importance to humans

2004-11-22T23:26:00.000-08:00

Probably of most significance economically is the musk, called civet, produced by the anal gland in members of the viverrid group known as “civet cats.” Civet is a yellowish substance with the consistency of butter and is of great importance as a base for perfumes. It is produced by the anal scent glands and stored in a sac near the genital region. The Oriental and African

Alabama, Climate

2004-11-21T02:32:00.000-08:00

The Alabama climate is temperate, with an average annual temperature of about 64° F (18° C), mellowed by altitude to some 60° F (16° C) in the northern counties and reaching 67° F (19° C) in the southern counties, although summer heat is often alleviated somewhat by the winds blowing in from the Gulf. Occasionally the temperature may rise to 100° F (38° C) in the summer, whereas snow may occasionally fall in

West Bengal Duars

2004-11-19T11:07:00.000-08:00

The West Bengal Duars were ceded to the British by Bhutan in 1863. They constitute a lowland forest belt along the junction between the Himalayan

Nahhas Pasha, Mustafa An-

2004-11-17T04:25:00.000-08:00

A lawyer by profession, Nahhas was appointed a judge in 1904. Soon after World War I he joined the recently formed Wafd, assuming the chairmanship upon Sa'd Zaghlul's death in 1927. Thus he embarked upon a career during which

Quimper Faience

2004-11-15T18:07:00.000-08:00

Tin-enamelled earthenware produced by a factory at Loc Maria, a suburb of Quimper in Brittany, Fr. The factory was founded in 1690 by Jean-Baptiste Bosquet, a potter from Marseille who had settled there. Both Pierre Caussy, who took over in 1743, and de la Hubeaudière, who bought it in 1809, expanded production. Quimper ware never developed a truly distinct style of its own, however, but

Argentina, Diet

2004-11-12T09:28:00.000-08:00

The combination of Old and New World cultures is also seen in the Argentine diet. Southern European influences appear especially in the cities, where breakfast is generally a serving of three sweet rolls (medialunas) and coffee, and supper is taken, in the Spanish tradition, after 9:00 PM. The Italian influence is seen in the popularity of pasta dishes. But the New World asserts

Monatomic Gas

2004-11-11T13:10:00.000-08:00

Gas composed of particles (molecules) that consist of single atoms, such as helium or sodium vapour, and in this way different from diatomic, triatomic, or, in general, polyatomic gases. The thermodynamic behaviour of a monatomic gas in the ordinary temperature range is extremely simple because it is free from the rotational and vibrational energy components characteristic

Seleucus Iii, Soter

2004-11-08T11:27:00.000-08:00

Seleucus took up the task of reconquering Pergamum in Asia Minor from a cousin, Attalus I. The first general whom he sent, Andromachus, was decisively defeated by Attalus and captured. Seleucus III then led an army across the Taurus himself. In Phrygia, however, he was assassinated. He was

Siliceous Sponge

2004-11-07T15:02:00.000-08:00

Any sponge in which the main skeletal component is silica as opposed to calcium carbonate or fibrous organic materials only. More than 95 percent of all known sponge species have a siliceous skeleton and belong to the class Demospongiae (phylum Porifera). The siliceous skeleton is usually composed of discrete elements known as spicules that vary greatly in size

Newhall, Nancy

2004-11-05T05:07:00.000-08:00

She attended Smith College and was a member of the Art Students League of New York. Her career began in 1943, when she became acting curator of the photography department at the Museum of Modern

Melamine

2004-11-02T18:27:00.000-08:00

Melamine is manufactured by heating dicyandiamide under pressure. Its most important reaction is that with formaldehyde, forming resinous compounds of high molecular weight.

Maurel, Victor

2004-10-31T09:13:00.000-08:00

Maurel studied voice at the School of Music in Marseille then continued at the Paris Conservatoire, where in 1867 he won first prize. In the following year he made his debut at the Paris Opéra as the Count de Nevers in Giacomo

National Awakening Party

2004-10-29T15:10:00.000-07:00

The PKB was formed in 1998 by Abdurrahman Wahid—a Muslim cleric and head of the Council of Scholars (Nahdlatul-'Ulama), the country's largest Muslim organization— and his supporters. Its opposition to an Islamic government, however, led more conservative members to leave and establish other parties. In 1999 the PKB leader Wahid

Atef, Muhammad

2004-10-28T16:30:00.000-07:00

Egyptian-born Islamist militant (b. 1944?, Egypt—d. Nov. 14/15, 2001, near Kabul, Afg.), was believed to have been a close associate of Osama bin Laden (in early 2001 his daughter married Bin Laden's son) and chief military strategist for the Islamic terrorist organization al-Qaeda. He reportedly trained as a police officer before joining the radical Egyptian Islamic Jihad, members of which assassinated

China, The Shih-kuo (Ten Kingdoms)

2004-10-26T01:56:00.000-07:00

From the time of the T'ang dynasty until the Ch'ing dynasty, which arose in the 17th century, China consisted of two parts: the north, militarily strong, and the south, economically and culturally wealthy. Between 907 and 960, 10 independent kingdoms emerged in China, mainly in the south: the Wu (902–937), the Nan (Southern) T'ang (937–975/976), the Nan P'ing (924/925–963), the Ch'u (927–951), the Ch'ien (Former) Shu (907–925), the Hou (Later) Shu (934–965), the Min (909–945/946), the

Coruña, La

2004-10-24T21:42:00.000-07:00

Province, in the autonomous community (region) of Galicia, northwestern Spain. It was formed in 1833 from part of the captaincy general and former kingdom of Galicia. Bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (west) and the Cantabrian Sea (north), it has the highest rainfall of any Spanish province. Its interior is crossed by the Galician mountains; the coastline, rocky and with deep indentations,

Blood Serum

2004-10-22T17:31:00.000-07:00

The part of blood plasma remaining after coagulation, during which process the plasma protein fibrinogen is converted to fibrin and remains behind in the clot. Immune serum or antitoxin, serum prepared from the blood of animals or humans that have been exposed to a disease and have developed specific antibodies, is used to protect persons against diseases to which

Italy, Flag Of

2004-10-19T17:36:00.000-07:00

A rich history of flags and coats of arms has existed in Italy since at least the 1200s, but the lack of national unification meant that there was no recognized flag representing all Italian-populated areas. The nationalism inspired by the French Revolution led to the formation of political and military groups throughout Italy dedicated to replacing the old autocratic

Marrucini

2004-10-17T10:39:00.000-07:00

Ancient tribe that occupied a small area around Teate (modern Chieti) on the east coast of Italy. The Marrucini, though Samnite kinsmen, were probably not members of the Samnite league; they did, however, come into conflict with the Romans during the Second Samnite War, at the end of which they entered the Roman alliance (304 BC). They revolted in 91 BC and were thereafter enrolled in

Reflex

2004-10-16T23:55:00.000-07:00

Many reflexes of placental mammals appear to be innate. They are hereditary and are a common feature of the species and often of the genus. Reflexes include not only such simple

Raín, Alois

2004-10-13T21:05:00.000-07:00

A leader of the Czech revolutionary organization Omladina, Rašín was arrested and imprisoned for conspiring against the Austrian authorities after nationalistic rioting

Glissant, édouard

2004-10-11T08:24:00.000-07:00

Glissant was a disciple and fellow countryman of the poet Aimé Césaire, who founded the Negritude movement to promote an African culture free of all colonial influences. Glissant recorded the awakening of colonized peoples

Alexander Iii

2004-10-09T21:35:00.000-07:00

Original name Rolando Bandinelli pope from 1159 to 1181, a vigorous exponent of papal authority, which he defended against challenges by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick Barbarossa and Henry II of England.

Caudata, Bones and cartilage

2004-10-07T15:50:00.000-07:00

The rather weak skull of adults is composed of various paired and unpaired bones. These bones may fuse or be lost in different groups, and their presence and arrangement are important in classification. Much of the fusion and loss of skull bones is associated with a trend toward tongue feeding. Small, double-cusped teeth line the margins of the jaw and spread over parts